The Provisional Priamurye Government (also rendered as Provisional Priamur Government) existed in the Siberian region of Priamurye, Russia, between May 27, 1921 and October 25, 1922. It was the last White Army enclave during the Russian Civil War.
The government had its origin in a White Army coup in Vladivostok and its environs whose aim was to break away from the Far Eastern Republic, surviving behind a cordon sanitaire of Japanese troops involved in the Siberian Intervention. The coup was started on May 23 by the Kappelevtsy, the remnants of Vladimir Kappel's army.
The government was headed by the Merkulov brothers - Spiridon Dionisovich Merkulov (former functionary of the Ministry of Agriculture), head of the Priamurye government, and Nikolai Merkulov, merchant. Both were deputies of the Russian Provisional Government. Somewhat later the Cossack ataman Grigory Semyonov attempted to take power, but he was not backed by the Japanese, and eventually withdrew. Kappelevtsy and Semyonovtsy despised each other.
Gradually the enclave was expanded to Khabarovsk and further to Spassk, 125 miles north of Vladivostok. [1] The Merkulovs were deposed in June 1922 and replaced by one of Kolchak's generals, Mikhail Diterikhs.
In July 1922 a Zemsky Sobor (Приамурский Земский Собор) was convened in the territory. This sobor, calling to all Russian people to repent for the overthrow of the tsar, reinstituted a monarchy by naming Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich Romanov as tsar. Patriarch Tikhon (who was not present; neither was the Grand Duke) was named as the honorary chairman of the sobor. The territory was renamed Priamursky Zemsky Krai. Diterikhs styled himself voyevoda and the army was called Zemskaya Rat' (rat' is an archaic Slavic term for military force).
When the Japanese withdrew, the Soviet army of the Far Eastern Republic retook the territory. The Civil War was officially declared over, although the Ayano-Maysky District was still controlled by Anatoly Pepelyayev at that time.